Sertu yo sigih reglasang di Jardinggu Kodrah Kristang, ja fazeh na 2017 antis pandemic:
1 / Documentation: Kontu ingkontrah palabra nubu di bela-belu Kristang, bai buskah eli na palaredi; kontu palaredi nteh, podih juntah
2 / Ganchah: Ganchah prefix ke suffix na dianti ke fora di palabra Kristang kunisedu
3 / Phrasal Compounding: Juntah grupu di palabra fikah compound lexeme nubu
4 / Compounding: Juntah dos palabra Kristang kunisedu fikah ngua palabra nubu; dos-dos ngka trukah olotu sa figura
5 / Champurah: Igual chuma compounding, mas palabra podih trukah ke kutrah figura
6 / Kortah: Kutrah ngua palabra Kristang kunisedu
7 / Back-Formation: Tirah mparti di ngua palabra Kristang kunisedu
8 / Enkudah: Enkudah signifiku di ngua palabra Kristang kunisedu
9 / Mpustah: Mpustah palabra di otru di Kristang sa linggu nasang: China-Mandarin, Hakka, Hokkien, Hindi, Inggres, Kantonis, Landes, Makista, Malayalam, Melayu, Portugis, Portugis di Sri Lanka, Tamil ke (Portugis di) Tugu.
10 / Calquing: Linggustah frasa di otru linggu
Mas di isti des reglasang, yo pun teng yo onsong sa kuatru andasang pra yo sa jarding keninu:
11: Reglasang di Skundeh / Kontu podih, palabra nubu mistih gadrah Kristang sa signifiku chuma linggu sigredu.
12: Reglasang di Lembrah / Kontu podih, otru jenti mistih podih lembrah palabra nubu seng mutu tantu trabalu.
13: Reglasang di Rostu / Pra nomi di tera, jenti kung otru angkoza di kultura kung ardansa, kontu podih, palabra nubu mistih dah rostu kung akeli angkoza sa donu/a dretu kung trauma
14. Reglasang di Animu Kristang / Kontu podih, palabra nubu mistih gadrah kultura kung ardansa Kristang
Reglasang 11-14 impoku vague, mas isti yo onsong sa jarding, onsong sa spasu pra kriseh palabra. Yo pun papianti Kristang; asih yo sa song pun teng balor, pun mistidu.
Sertu yo sa jardinggu keninu logu kriseh basu di mar Of course my Jardinggu Keninu would be underwater
I of course follow the ten basic processes that Kodrah Kristang set out in 2017 before the pandemic, when our Jardinggu was still meeting and discussing new words regularly:
1 / Documentation: Add a word that is used by native speakers but is not found in existing lexicographical material.
2 / Derivation: Add a prefix or suffix to an existing word.
3 / Phrasal Compounding: Designate a string of existing Kristang words as a new compound lexeme; existing word boundaries are maintained.
4 / Compounding: Combine two existing Kristang words to create a new word; little or no morphological change.
5 / Blending: Combine two existing Kristang words to create a new word; one or more morphemes from either word is shortened.
6 / Clipping: Shorten an existing Kristang word.
7 / Back-Formation: Detach a supposed affix from an existing Kristang word.
8 / Extension: Extend the meaning of an existing Kristang word.
9 / Borrowing: Using a word or part of a word from Kristang’s sister languages, Maquista or Tugu Creole, or from one of Kristang’s source languages: Cantonese, Dutch, English, Hakka, Hindi, Hokkien, Malay, Malayalam, Mandarin, Portuguese, Sri Lanka Creole Portuguese or Tamil.
10 / Calquing: Creating a literal Kristang translation of a word or phrase from another language
Beyond these 10 rules, I also have my own set of four principles for generating words in this Jardinggu Keninu:
11: Skundeh Principle / Suggested new words should try to maintain Kristang's versatility as a "secret" language (i.e. as almost all of our heritage speakers in Singapore describe, a language for Kristang / Portuguese-Eurasian people to use in public without being too easily understood by others) as far as possible
12: Lembrah Principle / Suggested new words should be remembered without too much trouble
13: Rostu Principle / For names of places, peoples or any other entities that are cultural or heritage-related, suggested new words should try to honour indigenous or local perspectives and trauma as far as possible
14. Animu Kristang Principle / Suggested new words should try to maintain the general spirit and vibe of the Portuguese-Eurasian / Kristang culture as far as possible
The principles listed under 11-14 are a little nebulous, but then, this is my own garden of language, and as a heritage speaker of Kristang myself, my choices have their own value and importance as well.
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